As Muslim refugees flood into Europe the number of violent attacks has increased. The spikes have resulted in record demand for guns. A video has surfaced on the internet and shows French citizens being confronted by alleged North African Muslim immigrants armed with rocks, knives, and bats.

It was meant to be one of the “biggest civil disobedience events” and spur on effective political action on climate change, but the protests in Paris on Sunday were muted and marred by tit-for-tat violence between masked youths and riot police.

On the eve of the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21), which optimists hope will save the planet from runaway global warming, dystopian scenes played out in the Place de la Republique square.

Amid clouds of tear gas, youths in hoodies and bandanas threw rocks, bottles and mud at riot police, who charged and encircled demonstrators, sealing off streets leading into and out of the square.

By Sunday evening, almost 200 arrests had been made, prompting complaints that the authorities are cracking down not on terrorists and criminals, but on protesters and political dissent.

“We’re losing more and more of our rights,” says Margot Landaur, 51. “The young people here were pacifists. But what I saw today outraged me. I saw a girl about 20 years old, beaten by police for nothing. They hit her with their batons and injured her wrist. We helped take care of her, but she was in a state of shock. I think we’re heading in the direction of a kind of dictatorship.”

French authorities had banned Sunday’s demonstration after the November 13 attacks in Paris took the lives of 130 people. French authorities introduced a state of emergency now set to last at least three months with France’s Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve announcing that it could be renewed. Police warned that people gathering in large numbers would be vulnerable to further violence.

But demonstrators wonder why football matches, shops and the Champs Elysees Christmas market, also attracting thousands, were allowed to go ahead, while the Place de la Republique – now a makeshift shrine and memorial site for the victims – was encircled by riot police.

Chipping away at civil liberties 

The rising tensions on Sunday have sparked angry accusations that the interior ministry is chipping away at civil liberties.

Over the past two weeks, almost 2,000 police raids have been carried out across the country – some of them even targeting environmental activists.

More than two dozen people involved in environmental campaigns are under house arrest until December 12, after the climate summit ends, sparking concerns that the terrorist attacks have provided authorities with a pretext to clamp down on far-left critics and political opponents.

Forty-three-year-old Loucero Mariani of the environmental campaign group Alternatiba in Rouen, based in northeastern Paris, refused to come out when police came banging on her door. She pretended to be out and didn’t make a sound until they had gone.

Then, after answering a summons to appear at the police station, she was issued an order prohibiting involvement in protests for just under two weeks – the duration of COP21.

“I went pale. It said, a violation of the conditions could mean six months in prison and 7,500 euros [$7,940] in fines. I couldn’t think of anything else. I don’t want to go to prison,” she said. Friends and colleagues, she adds, have also been subjected to police raids and house arrests.

“That means they’re associating us with the terrorists. We’re pacifists!”

With more than 140 world leaders and 40,000 participants expected in Paris this week, Cazeneuve has mobilised unprecedented levels of security forces, both from the army and the police, to monitor a wide array of possible security threats, including threats from environmentalists.

“Contrary to what might have been said, 26 orders for house arrests have by no means been given to pacifist environmental activists,” Cazeneuve said in a press conference on Sunday. “I am not confusing them with the people who have already participated in or contributed to several incidents of extreme violence.”

Independent lawyer Muriel Ruef has said that her clients, who have been put under house arrest, have no criminal records and no history of violence. She defends environment activist Joel Domenjoud, who must report to police three times a day. He does not know why he’s on the list of suspects.

“I think what the government is really clamping down on … [people who are] daring to oppose the government,” says Ruef. “It’s the first time in a very long time I’ve seen anything like this.”

If police were suspected of doing too little to prevent this year’s spate of terror attacks, now some say they are doing too much.

Some 40 police officers stormed Ivan Agac’s restaurant, the Pepper Grill, in Rouen. Customers were told to put their hands on the table.

“They were searching for arms or people linked to terrorists,” says Agac. “I was shocked.”

He says police broke down doors, too. Agac adds that he has no criminal record, “just traffic fines”.

French President Francois Hollande proposed constitutional amendments and a three-month extension of state of emergency measures Monday that will severely limit the civil liberties of French citizens.

After a series of coordinated terrorist attacks left 129 dead in Paris Friday, Hollande immediately declared a state of emergency, based on a rarely used 1955 law that allows the state to conduct warrantless searches of private property, impose curfews, restrict public gatherings and movements of people, confiscate weapons at will and take over the press.

By law the state of emergency cannot last more than 12 days, but Hollande asked for a three-month extension Monday. He also proposed a series of constitutional amendmentsto increase the state’s surveillance powers and give it power to strip convicted terrorists and bi-nationals who commit hostile acts toward France of citizenship.

Hollande said the amendments are necessary so the state doesn’t have to “resort to the state of emergency” to deal with terror threats. “We must change our constitution to act against terrorism,” he said Monday.

The proposed amendments will also give the state “more sophisticated methods” to crack down on weapons trafficking, a quicker way to deport foreigners considered a threat, and the ability to bar bi-nationals considered a terror risk from entering the country.

French conducted 168 raids Sunday night, turning up cash, bulletproof vests, various types of guns and a rocket launcher, reported The Wall Street Journal. Police put 104 people on house arrest and detained 23 others.

Hollande has promised a “merciless” fight against ISIS in response to the attack. French fighter jets dropped 20 bombs on the group’s defacto Syrian capital of Raqqa Sunday night, destroying a command center and training camp.

By Rachel Stolzfoos; Follow Rachel on Twitter